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In recent years, a large number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated this product has good anti-tumor activity to a variety of cancers such as leukemia, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and lung cancer. Recent studies have found that triptolide not only affects certain proteins and signaling pathways specifically, but also inhibits broad gene transcription, but the mechanism remains to be further clarified. 

The study found that Triptolide inhibited gene transcription by promoting the phosphorylation of the largest and most important functional subunit Rpb1 in RNA polymerase II, and subsequent Rpb1 ubiquitin degradation. PTEF-b, the upstream kinases of Rpb1, plays a positive role in the regulation of phosphorylation process of Rpb1 that induced by Triptolide. The study also found that Triptolide could induce DNA damage. These results indicate that triptolide suppresses broad gene transcription by causing DNA damage in cells and thus activating the P-TEFb, which can phosphorylate Rpb1 and cause Rpb1 degradation. 

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