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Bromine is the only non-metallic element that exhibits a liquid state at room temperature and is one of six elements of the periodic table that are liquid at or near room temperature, a dark reddish brown fuming volatile liquid. It has a pungent odor and its smoke strongly stimulates the eyes and respiratory tract. Evaporates quickly in the air. Soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, concentrated hydrochloric acid and bromide aqueous solution, soluble in water. The melting point of bromine is -7.2 °C and the boiling point is 58.8 °C.

Bromine is located in the fourth cycle of the chemical periodic table, Group VIIA, and the first ionization energy is 11.814eV. Bromine is a strong oxidant, which will react intensely with metals and most organic compounds. If water is involved, the reaction More intense, bromine is a halogen that is less active than chlorine but larger than iodine. The reaction of bromine with metal produces metal bromide and hypobromite (when water is involved), and organic compounds may produce phosphorescent or fluorescent compounds. Bromine erodes most metals and organic matter, even platinum and palladium. It burns and explodes with aluminum, potassium and the like. Bromine is soluble in water, but it has good solubility in carbon disulfide, organic alcohols (like methanol) and organic acids. It is easily bonded to other atoms and has a strong bleaching effect.

Compounds of bromine generally refer to compounds containing bromine in the -1 oxidation state, including metal bromides, non-metal bromides, and ammonium bromide. Alkali metals, poorly soluble bromides are similar to poorly soluble chlorides, but the solubility of the former is usually less than the corresponding chloride. A halogen intercalate of bromide, such as iodine bromide (IBr). An aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide is called hydrobromic acid, and hydrobromic acid is a strong acid.