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Nitro is a concept in chemistry that refers to the group remaining after removing a hydroxyl group from the nitric acid molecule. A compound in which a nitro group is bonded to another group (mainly a hydrocarbon group) is called a nitro compound.

A nitro compound (especially an aromatic nitro compound) is toxic, and when a plurality of nitro groups are introduced into a molecule, not only the toxicity is increased, but also the oxidizing property is enhanced, and most of them are explosive substances. It is a functional group of a nitro compound and also contains a nitro group in the nitrate ester. The nitro group is a chromophore which can add the color of the dark original; some drugs introduce nitro to enhance the antibacterial property; the reaction of introducing a nitro group into an organic molecule (also a few inorganic molecules) is called nitration. Trinitrotoluene is commonly referred to as: TNT, which is a pale yellow solid and is explosive.

There are many nitro reduction methods, such as: (1) reduction with metal plus hydrochloric acid, common metals are zinc, iron, etc., suitable for acid-stable compounds; (2) catalytic hydrogenation, such as Pt, Ni and other catalysts, mild reduction (Slightly pressurized at room temperature) can only reduce the nitro group. There are also some characteristic reduction reactions of nitrobenzene, such as reduction to phenylhydroxylamine under mild acidic conditions with zinc; reduction under alkaline conditions, azobenzene in aqueous solution, and hydrogenated azobenzene in an alcohol solution.

It should be noted that the transition state of various reactions in nitro reduction, such as the occurrence of nitroso, azo, and hydrazine, is inevitable. Many reaction sites can usually be seen when tracking the reaction, and the reaction time is usually extended appropriately (at the same time) It is recommended to lower the reaction temperature), and these intermediates will generally be completely reduced. If not, consider changing the hydrogenation conditions, such as pd/c for the catalyst (although its activity will decrease under alkaline conditions), hydrogen supply. The body uses  and so on.